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United States occupation of Veracruz
::''For other battles at Veracruz see Battle of Veracruz (disambiguation).''
The United States occupation of Veracruz began with the Battle of Veracruz and lasted for seven months, as a response to the Tampico Affair of April 9, 1914. The incident came in the midst of poor diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United States, and was related to the ongoing Mexican Revolution.
==Background==
The Tampico Affair was set off when nine American sailors were arrested by the Mexican government for entering off-limit areas in Tampico, Tamaulipas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Border - 1914 The Tampico Affair and the Speech from Woodrow Wilson )〕 The unarmed sailors were arrested when they entered a fuel loading station. The sailors were released, but the U.S. naval commander demanded an apology and a twenty-one gun salute. The apology was provided but not the salute. In the end, the response from U.S. President Woodrow Wilson ordered the U.S. Navy to prepare for the occupation of the port of Veracruz. While awaiting authorization from the U.S. Congress to carry out such action, Wilson was alerted of a delivery of weapons for Victoriano Huerta due to arrive in the port on April 21 aboard the German-registered cargo-steamer SS ''Ypiranga''. As a result, Wilson issued an immediate order to seize the port's customs office and confiscate the weaponry. The weapons had actually been sourced by John Wesley De Kay, an American financier and businessman with large investments in Mexico, and a Russian arms dealer from Puebla, Leon Rasst, not the German government as newspapers reported at the time.〔Heribert von Feilitzsch, ''Felix A. Sommerfeld: Spymaster in Mexico, 1908 to 1914'', Henselstone Verlag, Amissville, VA 2012, pp. 351ff〕 Huerta had usurped the presidency of Mexico with the assistance of the American ambassador Henry Lane Wilson during a ''coup d'état'' in February 1913 known as ''La decena trágica''. The Wilson administration's answer to this was to declare Huerta a usurper of the legitimate government, to embargo arms shipments to Huerta, and to support the Constitutional Army of Venustiano Carranza.
The arms shipment to Mexico, in fact, in part originated from the Remington Arms company in the U.S., went to Odessa, Russia to Hamburg, where De Kay added to the load. The arms and ammunition were to be shipped via Hamburg, Germany, to Mexico allowing Huerta's arms dealers to skirt the American arms embargo.〔 The landing of the arms was blocked at Veracruz but they were discharged a few weeks later in Puerto Mexico, a port controlled by Huerta at the time.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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